# Input Class

The Input Class serves two purposes:

1. It pre-processes global input data for security.
2. It provides some helper methods for fetching input data and pre-processing it.

Note

This class is initialized automatically by the system so there is no need to do it manually.

- Input Filtering
  - Security Filtering
  - XSS Filtering
- Accessing form data
  - Using POST, GET, COOKIE, or SERVER Data
  - Using the php://input stream
- Class Reference

## Input Filtering

### Security Filtering

The security filtering method is called automatically when a new controller is invoked. It does the following:

- If `$config['allow_get_array']` is FALSE (default is TRUE), destroys the global GET array.
- Destroys all global variables in the event register_globals is turned on.
- Filters the GET/POST/COOKIE array keys, permitting only alpha-numeric (and a few other) characters.
- Provides XSS (Cross-site Scripting Hacks) filtering. This can be enabled globally, or upon request.
- Standardizes newline characters to `PHP_EOL` (\n in UNIX-based OSes, \r\n under Windows). This is configurable.

### XSS Filtering

The Input class has the ability to filter input automatically to prevent cross-site scripting attacks. If you want the filter to run automatically every time it encounters POST or COOKIE data you can enable it by opening your application/config/config.php file and setting this:

    $config['global_xss_filtering'] = TRUE;

Please refer to the Security class documentation for information on using XSS Filtering in your application.

Important

The ‘global_xss_filtering’ setting is DEPRECATED and kept solely for backwards-compatibility purposes. XSS escaping should be performed on output, not input!

## Accessing form data

### Using POST, GET, COOKIE, or SERVER Data

CodeIgniter comes with helper methods that let you fetch POST, GET, COOKIE or SERVER items. The main advantage of using the provided methods rather than fetching an item directly (`$_POST['something']`) is that the methods will check to see if the item is set and return NULL if not. This lets you conveniently use data without having to test whether an item exists first. In other words, normally you might do something like this:

    $something = isset($_POST['something']) ? $_POST['something'] : NULL;

With CodeIgniter’s built in methods you can simply do this:

    $something = $this->input->post('something');

The main methods are:

- `$this->input->post()`
- `$this->input->get()`
- `$this->input->cookie()`
- `$this->input->server()`

### Using the php://input stream

If you want to utilize the PUT, DELETE, PATCH or other exotic request methods, they can only be accessed via a special input stream, that can only be read once. This isn’t as easy as just reading from e.g. the `$_POST` array, because it will always exist and you can try and access multiple variables without caring that you might only have one shot at all of the POST data.

CodeIgniter will take care of that for you, and you can read the data from the php://input stream at any time, just by using the `$raw_input_stream` property:

    $this->input->raw_input_stream;

Additionally if the input stream is form-encoded like $_POST you can access its values by calling the `input_stream()` method:

    $this->input->input_stream('key');

Similar to other methods such as `get()` and `post()`, if the requested data is not found, it will return NULL and you can also decide whether to run the data through `xss_clean()` by passing a boolean value as the second parameter:

    $this->input->input_stream('key', TRUE); // XSS Clean
    $this->input->input_stream('key', FALSE); // No XSS filter

Note

You can utilize `method()` in order to know if you’re reading PUT, DELETE or PATCH data.

## Class Reference

class `CI_Input`
  `$raw_input_stream`

    Read only property that will return php://input data as is.

    The property can be read multiple times.

  `post`([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]])

    Parameters:

    - $index (mixed) – POST parameter name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | $_POST if no parameters supplied, otherwise the POST value if found or NULL if not
    Return type: | mixed

    The first parameter will contain the name of the POST item you are looking for:

        $this->input->post('some_data');

    The method returns NULL if the item you are attempting to retrieve does not exist.

    The second optional parameter lets you run the data through the XSS filter. It’s enabled by setting the second parameter to boolean TRUE or by setting your `$config['global_xss_filtering']` to TRUE.

        $this->input->post('some_data', TRUE);

    To return an array of all POST items call without any parameters.

    To return all POST items and pass them through the XSS filter set the first parameter NULL while setting the second parameter to boolean TRUE.

        $this->input->post(NULL, TRUE); // returns all POST items with XSS filter
        $this->input->post(NULL, FALSE); // returns all POST items without XSS filter

    To return an array of multiple POST parameters, pass all the required keys as an array.

        $this->input->post(array('field1', 'field2'));

    Same rule applied here, to retrieve the parameters with XSS filtering enabled, set the second parameter to boolean TRUE.

        $this->input->post(array('field1', 'field2'), TRUE);

  `get`([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]])

    Parameters:

    - $index (mixed) – GET parameter name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | $_GET if no parameters supplied, otherwise the GET value if found or NULL if not
    Return type: | mixed

    This method is identical to `post()`, only it fetches GET data.

        $this->input->get('some_data', TRUE);

    To return an array of all GET items call without any parameters.

    To return all GET items and pass them through the XSS filter set the first parameter NULL while setting the second parameter to boolean TRUE.

        $this->input->get(NULL, TRUE); // returns all GET items with XSS filter
        $this->input->get(NULL, FALSE); // returns all GET items without XSS filtering

    To return an array of multiple GET parameters, pass all the required keys as an array.

        $this->input->get(array('field1', 'field2'));

    Same rule applied here, to retrieve the parameters with XSS filtering enabled, set the second parameter to boolean TRUE.

        $this->input->get(array('field1', 'field2'), TRUE);

  `post_get`($index[, $xss_clean = NULL])

    Parameters:

    - $index (string) – POST/GET parameter name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | POST/GET value if found, NULL if not
    Return type: | mixed

    This method works pretty much the same way as `post()` and `get()`, only combined. It will search through both POST and GET streams for data, looking in POST first, and then in GET:

        $this->input->post_get('some_data', TRUE);

  `get_post`($index[, $xss_clean = NULL])

    Parameters:

    - $index (string) – GET/POST parameter name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | GET/POST value if found, NULL if not
    Return type: | mixed

    This method works the same way as `post_get()` only it looks for GET data first.

    > $this->input->get_post(‘some_data’, TRUE);

    Note

    This method used to act EXACTLY like `post_get()`, but it’s behavior has changed in CodeIgniter 3.0.

  `cookie`([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]])

    Parameters:

    - $index (mixed) – COOKIE name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | $_COOKIE if no parameters supplied, otherwise the COOKIE value if found or NULL if not
    Return type: | mixed

    This method is identical to `post()` and `get()`, only it fetches cookie data:

        $this->input->cookie('some_cookie');
        $this->input->cookie('some_cookie', TRUE); // with XSS filter

    To return an array of multiple cookie values, pass all the required keys as an array.

        $this->input->cookie(array('some_cookie', 'some_cookie2'));

    Note

    Unlike the Cookie Helper function `get_cookie()`, this method does NOT prepend your configured `$config['cookie_prefix']` value.

  `server`($index[, $xss_clean = NULL])

    Parameters:

    - $index (mixed) – Value name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | $_SERVER item value if found, NULL if not
    Return type: | mixed

    This method is identical to the `post()`, `get()` and `cookie()` methods, only it fetches server data (`$_SERVER`):

        $this->input->server('some_data');

    To return an array of multiple `$_SERVER` values, pass all the required keys as an array.

        $this->input->server(array('SERVER_PROTOCOL', 'REQUEST_URI'));

  `input_stream`([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]])

    Parameters:

    - $index (mixed) – Key name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | Input stream array if no parameters supplied, otherwise the specified value if found or NULL if not
    Return type: | mixed

    This method is identical to `get()`, `post()` and `cookie()`, only it fetches the php://input stream data.

  `set_cookie`($name = ''[, $value = ''[, $expire = ''[, $domain = ''[, $path = '/'[, $prefix = ''[, $secure = NULL[, $httponly = NULL]]]]]]])

    Parameters:

    - $name (mixed) – Cookie name or an array of parameters
    - $value (string) – Cookie value
    - $expire (int) – Cookie expiration time in seconds
    - $domain (string) – Cookie domain
    - $path (string) – Cookie path
    - $prefix (string) – Cookie name prefix
    - $secure (bool) – Whether to only transfer the cookie through HTTPS
    - $httponly (bool) – Whether to only make the cookie accessible for HTTP requests (no JavaScript)

    Return type: | void

    Sets a cookie containing the values you specify. There are two ways to pass information to this method so that a cookie can be set: Array Method, and Discrete Parameters:

    Array Method

    Using this method, an associative array is passed to the first parameter:

        $cookie = array(
                'name'   => 'The Cookie Name',
                'value'  => 'The Value',
                'expire' => '86500',
                'domain' => '.some-domain.com',
                'path'   => '/',
                'prefix' => 'myprefix_',
                'secure' => TRUE
        );

        $this->input->set_cookie($cookie);

    Notes

    Only the name and value are required. To delete a cookie set it with the expiration blank.

    The expiration is set in seconds, which will be added to the current time. Do not include the time, but rather only the number of seconds from now that you wish the cookie to be valid. If the expiration is set to zero the cookie will only last as long as the browser is open.

    For site-wide cookies regardless of how your site is requested, add your URL to the domain starting with a period, like this: .your-domain.com

    The path is usually not needed since the method sets a root path.

    The prefix is only needed if you need to avoid name collisions with other identically named cookies for your server.

    The httponly and secure flags, when omitted, will default to your `$config['cookie_httponly']` and `$config['cookie_secure']` settings.

    Discrete Parameters

    If you prefer, you can set the cookie by passing data using individual parameters:

        $this->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure);

  `ip_address`()

    Returns: | Visitor’s IP address or ‘0.0.0.0’ if not valid
    Return type: | string

    Returns the IP address for the current user. If the IP address is not valid, the method will return ‘0.0.0.0’:

        echo $this->input->ip_address();

    Important

    This method takes into account the `$config['proxy_ips']` setting and will return the reported HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_CLIENT_IP, HTTP_X_CLIENT_IP or HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP address for the allowed IP addresses.

  `valid_ip`($ip[, $which = ''])

    Parameters:

    - $ip (string) – IP address
    - $which (string) – IP protocol (‘ipv4’ or ‘ipv6’)

    Returns: | TRUE if the address is valid, FALSE if not
    Return type: | bool

    Takes an IP address as input and returns TRUE or FALSE (boolean) depending on whether it is valid or not.

    Note

    The $this->input->ip_address() method above automatically validates the IP address.

        if ( ! $this->input->valid_ip($ip))
        {
                echo 'Not Valid';
        }
        else
        {
                echo 'Valid';
        }

    Accepts an optional second string parameter of ‘ipv4’ or ‘ipv6’ to specify an IP format. The default checks for both formats.

  `user_agent`([$xss_clean = NULL])

    Returns: | User agent string or NULL if not set

    Parameters:

    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Return type: | mixed

    Returns the user agent string (web browser) being used by the current user, or NULL if it’s not available.

        echo $this->input->user_agent();

    See the User Agent Class for methods which extract information from the user agent string.

  `request_headers`([$xss_clean = FALSE])

    Parameters:

    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | An array of HTTP request headers
    Return type: | array

    Returns an array of HTTP request headers. Useful if running in a non-Apache environment where apache_request_headers() will not be supported.

        $headers = $this->input->request_headers();

  `get_request_header`($index[, $xss_clean = FALSE])

    Parameters:

    - $index (string) – HTTP request header name
    - $xss_clean (bool) – Whether to apply XSS filtering

    Returns: | An HTTP request header or NULL if not found
    Return type: | string

    Returns a single member of the request headers array or NULL if the searched header is not found.

        $this->input->get_request_header('some-header', TRUE);

  `is_ajax_request`()

    Returns: | TRUE if it is an Ajax request, FALSE if not
    Return type: | bool

    Checks to see if the HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH server header has been set, and returns boolean TRUE if it is or FALSE if not.

  `is_cli_request`()

    Returns: | TRUE if it is a CLI request, FALSE if not
    Return type: | bool

    Checks to see if the application was run from the command-line interface.

    Note

    This method checks both the PHP SAPI name currently in use and if the `STDIN` constant is defined, which is usually a failsafe way to see if PHP is being run via the command line.

        $this->input->is_cli_request()

    Note

    This method is DEPRECATED and is now just an alias for the `is_cli()` function.

  `method`([$upper = FALSE])

    Parameters:

    - $upper (bool) – Whether to return the request method name in upper or lower case

    Returns: | HTTP request method
    Return type: | string

    Returns the `$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']`, with the option to set it in uppercase or lowercase.

        echo $this->input->method(TRUE); // Outputs: POST
        echo $this->input->method(FALSE); // Outputs: post
        echo $this->input->method(); // Outputs: post